Despite what we think we know about valuation and how stocks behave, the real world often does not follow the same logic. Markets tend to be irrational and what takes place are mostly driven by the actions and responses of humans.

Deriving an accurate discount rate is a fool's errand. Value sits with the beholder of cash, who are you to say otherwise?

Singapore Airlines ends an interesting chapter of its history with the redemption of its last remaining mandatory convertible bonds.

There are no formulas for the correct cost of capital. There are only astute decision makers and those who are afraid to get caught on the wrong side of the outcome.

Without connecting the numbers to a story, projecting cash flows simply becomes an emotionless exercise of numbers.

Too many folks who hail from the 'old' system in investment banks continue to quiz junior bankers on discount rates...